Ohio Reports First Human Case of Bird Flu: What You Need to Know

The first human case of bird flu in Ohio has been reported, according to state health officials. A farm worker in Mercer County, located on Ohio’s western border near Indiana, came into contact with deceased poultry infected with the virus. While the overall risk to Ohioans remains low, health experts are urging individuals in close contact with sick or dead poultry or wild birds to take precautions. Here’s a breakdown of the situation and what you need to know about bird flu.

What Is Bird Flu?

Bird flu, also known as avian influenza, is a virus that primarily infects birds but can occasionally spread to humans and other animals. The virus is most commonly associated with poultry, such as chickens and turkeys, but it can also affect waterfowl, wild birds, and even dairy cows. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the H5 subtype of influenza A is the most common form of bird flu, and it is the strain responsible for most human cases.

Human Cases of Bird Flu in the U.S.

Since January 1, 2024, there have been 68 human cases of bird flu reported across 11 states, including one death in Louisiana. These cases have been linked to exposure in various settings, such as commercial poultry farms, dairy herds, and wild bird environments. Of the 68 cases:

• 41 individuals were exposed to commercial dairy herds.
• 23 were exposed to commercial poultry farms and culling operations.
• One person was exposed to an "other animal source," which could include backyard flocks, wild birds, or other mammals.
• Three cases were linked to an unknown source.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has not yet included the Ohio case in its official data.

Who Is Most at Risk?

While bird flu can infect humans, the risk of transmission is relatively low for the general public. However, certain groups are at a higher risk of infection, including:

• People who work directly with poultry, waterfowl, or dairy cows, such as farm workers or those in the agriculture industry.
• Individuals who handle sick or dead birds, whether wild or domestic.
• Those who come into close contact with infected animals or contaminated environments.

It’s important to note that person-to-person transmission of bird flu is rare, and most cases of infection occur through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated surfaces.

How Does Bird Flu Spread?

Bird flu spreads to humans primarily through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated objects. For example, touching a surface that has been in contact with the virus and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth can lead to infection. Additionally, handling infected animals, such as dead birds or sick poultry, can also result in transmission.

In rare cases, the virus can spread through consuming unpasteurized milk or other products contaminated with the virus. The CDC emphasizes that proper hygiene practices, such as washing hands frequently and avoiding contact with sick animals, can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

Symptoms of Bird Flu

The symptoms of bird flu in humans can range from mild to severe, depending on the individual and the strain of the virus. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
• Pneumonia, which may require hospitalization.
• Fever and body aches.
• Coughing and sore throat.

In severe cases, bird flu can lead to life-threatening complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ failure. If you suspect you have been exposed to bird flu and are experiencing symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

How to Prevent Infection

To protect yourself and your community from bird flu, follow these precautions:

• Avoid direct contact with wild birds, sick or dead poultry, or any other animals that may be infected.
• If you work with animals or handle dead birds, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and masks, and wash your hands thoroughly afterward.
• Keep surfaces and equipment clean and disinfected, especially in areas where animals are present.
• Avoid eating undercooked meat or consuming unpasteurized dairy products.

By taking these steps, you can reduce your risk of infection and help prevent the spread of bird flu in your community.

Conclusion

The first human case of bird flu in Ohio is a reminder of the importance of vigilance and preventive measures, especially for those who work closely with animals. While the risk to the general public remains low, staying informed and taking precautions can help protect yourself and others. If you have concerns about bird flu or suspect exposure, contact local health authorities or consult a healthcare professional for guidance.